Clash of Civilizations theory

Harvard professor Samuel Huntington’s theory for a post-Cold War United States claimed that the “Confucian” states represented by China and the “Islamic” states would unify against the West in a civilization war for the fate of humankind. This theory was heavily criticized by theorist Edward Said for the racial and colonial stereotypes upon which this theory relied. Conservative policy analysts believe 9/11 proves Huntington’s thesis to be correct.

 

Mad dog and glory

A season in the French Football Leagues.

The Corsaires’ defense tightens up against the Meteores and wins the game by two touchdowns. The author is in the center, wearing #50.

I’d only been in Paris for a couple of weeks last September when I started feeling the lonely sting of an expat with no connections to the local culture and a tenuous grasp of the language. By then, I’d seen the Louvre, strolled through the Luxembourg Gardens and sat in cafés eating steak frites and drinking carafes of wine.

The weak dollar threatened to put a premature end to my bohemian lifestyle. I canvassed the Left Bank on foot, gazing into the Café Select (where a destitute Hemingway still found enough money to drink every night of the week in the 1920s), and marveling at Les Deux Magots (where an anguished Sartre spent the German Occupation hashing out existentialism). Both places were now overpriced tourist traps patrolled by surly waiters. Running out of money and feeling slightly disillusioned with life in Paris, I resolved to make a change.

I wanted to meet actual Parisians and practice my French. So, when one day, while sitting on a park bench eating an overly salty egg and cheese crêpe, I came across an ad in an English-language magazine that read: “You wanna play some ball? Contact Cyril of the Corsaires,” I acted.

I wasn’t sure what kind of “ball” was being advertised, and just hoped it wasn’t soccer, since I was slow, uncoordinated, and past my athletic prime.

“We play American football,” Cyril told me in English, with a heavy French accent. “With helmets and pads and tackling, you know?”

Cyril, a brawny 30-something with a receding hairline, was the president of the Évry Corsaires, a semi-professional football team in Paris. He picked me up at a Métro stop on the Périphérique, where Paris officially ends and the dreary suburbs begin. We drove out to Évry, one of the grittier outlying suburbs populated mostly by North African immigrants, to play flag football on a Friday evening. Flag was just for fun, Cyril said. The Corsaires’ real game was full-speed, bone-crunching football américain.

“Oh, that’s serious,” I said.

“Where are you from?” he asked.

“I grew up in Oklahoma,” I replied. “The heart of football country, in other words.”

“Sure, yes, but my favorite team is zee Packers, from Green Bay. I’m sure you can play with us. Offense and defense, maybe.”

Cyril went on to explain that France supports a fledging network of approximately 16 semi-pro teams that compete each year for the “Casque d’Or,” or Golden Helmet. The Corsaires played in the second division of the Fédération Française de Football Américain (F.F.F.A.), but could move up to the first division if they won the title that year. If this happened, teams from N.F.L. Europe would start offering Corsaire players professional contracts. To this end, the team had recruited Xavier, a back-up quarterback from the French national team, and Cyril was scouting American talent.

Teams in the French leagues are organized as private clubs that function as community centers, like the Rotary Club or Lions’ Club. The players, ranging in age from 18 to 45, do charity work and put on local exhibitions demonstrating the complex rules of the game to skeptical onlookers, often immigrants from Algeria or Senegal. Some clubs even pay players and coaches, and have cheerleaders and private sponsors. Still, the whole thing seemed quaint and innocent, like a 1950’s-Beaver Cleaver version of football, light years away from the sex, drugs and sleaze of the sport’s current U.S. incarnation. Players in France wear letterman jackets emblazoned with their positions and nicknames — “Warrior” or “Screwdriver” or “The Cramp.”

The first time I suited up for a Corsaires practice last September, I was overcome with emotion. Jogging around the field in full pads was, for me, the equivalent of Proust’s madeleine: suppressed memories from my Oklahoma youth came rushing over me. The smell of freshly cut grass, musty shoulder pads, and the first hints of autumn weather sent me into a reverie.

“Knock that man’s dick in the dirt!”

Until I was 14, my only goal in life was to play football for as long as it was physically possible. For me — as for most of my friends — this meant (ideally) high school and college ball in Oklahoma and pro ball with the Dallas Cowboys or Houston Oilers. I matured early and by eighth grade was a relatively bulky six-foot-tall starting middle linebacker. (I haven’t grown since.) By age 13, I was being recruited to play for a small Catholic high school and was told that I might even have a shot at a Division I scholarship for college. All of this, of course, depended on my dedication to football.

At this young age, football was life — not only for me, but for most of the adults in the community. The Oklahoma oil patch had gone bust in 1986, the local economy was in tatters, but these were the glory years of Barry Switzer, the legendary coach of the Oklahoma Sooners. In a dead-end town on the Bible Belt at the end of the Cold War, high school football provided a reason for hope, and everyone wanted to be a part of it.

My junior high team, the Edison Eagles, for example, supported a phalanx of unpaid assistant coaches who ran us into the ground twice a day during August: one practice at 7:30 a.m., followed by another after school. The coaches pushed us until someone vomited or suffered heat exhaustion. Water and bathroom breaks occurred rarely — usually only once a practice. If someone didn’t sacrifice his barely pubescent body on a tackle, one of the coaches would be in his face immediately.

“Knock that man’s dick in the dirt!” Coach Carl liked to scream, making the adolescent boys blush.

Kids — even academically successful ones — were encouraged to repeat eighth grade to gain an extra year of “maturity” before moving on to high school ball, where the stakes were even higher. Despite it all, I loved the game.

It was only at the Catholic high school’s varsity level that things went too far. Priests visited the locker room to bless our team before games, and to assure us that we were morally — and physically — superior to our opponents. At the same time, the starting linebacker and fullback terrorized the younger players with frat-like pranks usually involving threats of anal penetration. All of this was tolerated, and even encouraged by school authorities, as a rite of passage. The hypocrisy, the stupidity, the homophobia — it was all too much for me and I quit halfway through my sophomore year.

I put all this history aside for my season in the French leagues. At that first practice in Évry, Cyril put me in the end zone to return a kickoff. I felt a surge of adrenaline as I waited near the goal line for the whistle. Suddenly, I saw the pigskin hanging in the air above my head, secured it in my hands and sprinted up-field, breaking arm tackles and jogging triumphantly the last 20 yards into the opposite end zone. And this was just the first practice!  

As I trotted those last few yards, I imagined my redemption as a football player in this foreign land. “You will be a good linebacker,” Cyril had said prophetically. “And you will be called ‘Mad Dog.’”

Who needed a state championship in Oklahoma when I could have a Golden Helmet in France? I thought about the letterman’s jacket I never had in high school, with the words “chien fou” stitched across the breast.

The author with a broken left finger after a game in Chateauroux, France.

For the team

Practices started in early autumn — a glorious time in Paris — and we were expected to report every Tuesday and Thursday from 8:00 p.m. to 10:30 p.m. for the next five months. My initial feelings of imminent redemption gave way to confusion as the defensive coordinator, Jean-Pierre, gave me a weighty playbook to memorize. It had blitz packages and coverage schemes, audibles, zone and man defenses.

“You will play my way, or you won’t play at all,” he told me. “And you must learn it in French.”

The physical training proved difficult as well. There was no weight room, so we used random objects — and each other — to increase strength. My legs buckled as I tried to squat Arnaud, a 200-pound running back, on my shoulders. We had orange cones for agility drills, but I tripped over them. We had sleds for blocking and tackling practice, but I couldn’t move them. My helmet never fit properly and gave me headaches. I had to relearn how to tackle with my head up, lest I spear someone and break my neck. When I tried to cover wide receivers in man-to-man defense, another linebacker joked that I ran like a crab. The name stuck, and for a while I wasn’t “chien fou” but “le crabe.”

The weather turned cold and rainy around the end of October and I routinely left the practice field feeling cold, sore and exhausted. On these evenings, I usually headed to the team bar next to the practice field where the team ate olives and cheese, accompanied by wine and beer. When our de facto cheerleaders — the wives, sisters and girlfriends of my teammates — showed up, someone would put on Barry White’s greatest hits, and the bar would go crazy as people danced around our dirty clubhouse. Sometimes a player would bring a videotape of a recent N.F.L. game, and it always seemed so foreign, like watching a game of cricket in Texas.

I told some of the players that this whole routine was unique, very French.

“In the States, football is a spectator sport, a passive leisure activity, or an excuse for beer and BBQ,” I explained.

“You mean you would not put on the pads and play in your own leagues?” a linebacker called Dub asked me.

“Of course not,” I said. There would be fights, injuries, lawsuits, hurt feelings. It would be anarchy and bloodshed. We leave the game to the professionals.

“In France, we are the professionals,” someone else chimed in.

Each football team in the F.F.F.A. is allowed only three American players, and taxes of about $300 per player are levied on teams that employ American ringers. Many of these are former college players not skilled enough to make it professionally in the States or N.F.L. Europe, but still starved for the game they grew up on. Some are paid, but most do it for the love of football. Some come from major university programs, where the game is big business; others have never even played before.

The only other American on my team had never played a down of football in the United States but was now the star receiver on the Corsaires. In fact, Daniel didn’t even follow the game back home. One day, on the commuter train out to practice, I tried to engage him in a discussion about the N.F.L., but he only shrugged his shoulders.

“I follow soccer here,” he said. “I didn’t even watch the Super Bowl this year.”

I asked him why he played such a dangerous sport that he didn’t even follow. “You can be a star in France,” he replied. “In the States, you’d be nobody. So why not?”

The rest of the players came from every imaginable socio-economic and ethnic background. There were immigrants from West Africa, Vietnam, and Algeria. There were poor guys from the neighborhood who’d started playing out of curiosity. There were well-to-do French white guys who had studied at elite universities in the States and had picked up a passion for football there.

Then there were guys like Buko, who looked imposing and burly, like an American football player should look. He stood about 6’3’’, ran like a gazelle, and wore shiny blue leggings in lieu of socks. Buko spoke perfect black English without ever having set foot in an English-speaking country.

One day I asked him how he spoke English so well.

“I watch a lot of movies and shit,” he said. One of his favorites was the feel-good Disney picture, Remember the Titans.

In the film, Denzel Washington plays an African American coach for a football team in the South. The team has just been integrated and the racial strife that plagues the region is magnified among the individual players. Eventually, Coach Denzel brings everyone together and the integrated team wins a state championship. It is a happy ending that stresses team solidarity above individual difference, equality of opportunity above birthright. These are the values, incidentally, of the French Republic: Liberté, Egalité, and Fraternité.

French football, much more than its American counterpart, seemed to embody these Enlightenment values. Despite the ethnic and class differences on the team, everyone seemed to get along.

Buko was the spiritual leader, and I couldn’t help but get emotional when he led a team chant that he had lifted from Remember the Titans:  “Everywhere we go/ People want to know/ Who we are/ So well tell them …We are the Corsaires/ The mighty mighty Corsaires!”

We chanted this as we jogged around the field before our first game, intimidating our opponent, Les Templiers, from another Paris suburb.

It worked — we won the game by two touchdowns. Our quarterback, Xavier, threw pinpoint strikes to Buko, the tight end, and Daniel, the wide receiver. They ran over the diminutive cornerbacks and safeties, guys who had plenty of speed but no knowledge of tackling. Our running back, a 34-year-old bald guy with no neck, and thighs like tree trunks, dragged their linebackers 10, 15 yards a carry and steamrolled their defensive backs.

Our defense wasn’t such an unstoppable force. The defensive backs didn’t seem to understand the concept of pass interference, and allowed the other team to move up and down the field on penalties. As a linebacker, my first assignment was to stop the run game, and this proved frustrating. I could see plays develop in the backfield, but just as I was about to tackle the running back, I found myself knocked backward by an offensive lineman. My highlight came when, dropping back into zone coverage on a pass, I deflected a pass to the tight end. Jean-Pierre, the defensive coordinator was livid and pulled me out of the game.

“On 53 punch, you are supposed to blitz the QB. Like I said — if you don’t respect my play-calling, you don’t play at all!”

A crowd of about 100 spectators braved the miserable rain to watch the Corsaires destroy the Templeriers on their home turf. For the most part, the spectators looked confused or disinterested, and even some of our own players had trouble deciphering the penalties. I explained to a second-string tackle that the team kicking the ball off can recover it only after it travels 10 yards. I watched the line judges consistently forget to change the down marker and move the chains. No one seemed too excited about anything. As a football fan, the experience was maddening.

When too much Fraternité is a bad thing

As autumn gave way to winter and our gridiron turned into a mud pit, the practices became miserable, boot-camp-like affairs. The dreary month of December brought a cold, steady rain to Paris and I began to realize that I was hopelessly undersized to play defense. The low point came shortly before Christmas, when an offensive tackle named Bob knocked me to the ground and then sat on me in the chilly mud.

In addition to my on-the-field frustrations, off-the-field festivities became increasingly ugly. The problem on the Corsaires, as it turned out, was not Liberty or Equality, but Fraternity.

Quite literally, this was fraternity of the Animal House variety, even though most of the players were well into their 30s, many players supporting families. They were grown men with responsibilities and serious jobs, not the kind of people you would imagine behaving like frat boys at a keg party. Some of them were intellectuals, capable of passing time on long bus rides by discussing world affairs; perhaps that’s why their dissolution into American-style meatheads surprised me.

Things came to a head the day that the starting quarterback, Xavier, lectured me about the fragility of the world’s oil supply.

“I don’t understand how you Americans can drive these huge cars, these SUV things,” he said. “Do you know that if you continue to consume oil at the current rate, the world’s supply will run out in twenty years? How can you, in good conscience, drive a car like that?”

I was stumped. This was not the kind of post-game talk I expected to hear.

“You know, it’s not that the French hate Americans,” he continued. “It’s this Manichean, dualistic view of the world your president has.”

By this time, Xavier was turned around and addressing the whole bus. A journalist from a Parisian daily was riding with us, and watched the Americans’ response closely.

I tried to be conscientious, I said. I rode my bike whenever possible. I recycled (sort of).
I recognized that the world wasn’t divided into good and evil, or black and white. I felt I had to say something conciliatory, something diplomatic to make up for all the bad blood caused by the Bush administration.  

Just then, a chant came up from the back of the bus. “Xavier! Xavier!” the crowd intoned.
The unsuspecting quarterback was being dragged to the back of the bus where a group of the largest Frenchmen I have ever seen waited for him. Whatever was happening didn’t look like the logical continuation of our discussion of American foreign policy.

A veteran lineman explained: “It is the bizoutage that all new players — including yourself — get when you join the Corsaires.”

Daniel translated for me: bizoutage meant hazing.

The back of the bus erupted in laughter as Xavier screamed, “No! Not the tape!” The ritual involved a lot of Ben Gay in the groin area and athletic tape below the belt. A hirsute man, the quarterback cried out in pain. So much for the pacifistic French you hear about on The O’Reilly Factor: these guys were sadists!

But the mob couldn’t be quelled by just one hazing. “The American! The American!” the crowd began to chant. I recalled my final decision to quit high school football after a frighteningly similar scene.

“Uh, I’m injured,” I said. “I can’t because of my finger. You see, it’s broken. I need ice and rest. Please. I’ll let you guys do the bizoutage next week.”

Part of my plea was true. I had actually broken my finger in the game, despite my limited playing time. At the middle joint, the finger bent into a bizarre 45-degree angle. It was red and purple and swollen. The next part, however, was a lie:  there would be no next week for me. My football career was over, again.

I found myself in the Luxembourg Gardens a few weeks later, noticing the meticulous attention that the groundskeepers paid to every sculpture, every plant, every tree, even in the dead of winter. No one dared to step on the grass that the gardeners in their lime-green suits had dutifully maintained. This part of Paris felt a world away from Évry and the Corsaires. It was quiet and civilized.

Some things, I decided, were best left to the professionals.

STORY INDEX

BOOKS >
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TOPICS > CLASSIC FOOTBALL LITERATURE

Friday Night Lights
by H.G. Bissinger
URL: http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/partner?partner_id=28164&cgi=product&isbn=0306809907

Paper Lion
by George Plimpton
URL: http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/partner?partner_id=28164&cgi=product&isbn=1592280153

North Dallas Forty
by Peter Gent
URL: http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/partner?partner_id=28164&cgi=product&isbn=1894963024

TOPICS> AMERICANS IN PARIS

Paris to the Moon
by Adam Gopnik
URL: http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/partner?partner_id=28164&cgi=product&isbn=0375758232

A Moveable Feast
by Ernest Hemingway
URL: http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/partner?partner_id=28164&cgi=product&isbn=068482499x

Tropic of Cancer
by Henry Miller
URL: http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/partner?partner_id=28164&cgi=product&isbn=0802131786

 

Stealing his veins

As a college student, Jason tried to keep cool as he battled Hodgkin’s disease. But on the occasional bad day, his mask slipped and his friends realized just how much he was suffering.

Jason enjoys a light moment after finishing chemo on January 22, 2004. (Photo by Marley Seaman)

Jason kept quiet when he learned he had cancer.

He told his roommate and a few close friends, but didn’t want everyone to know yet. He didn’t want the good wishes and the condolences and pats on the back and the awkwardness that came with the attention. Steeling himself for a long battle and getting well were enough to worry about. But when the school year resumed, Jason wasn’t there. The news spread quickly.

It was late October when we saw Jason next. He was gaunt and practically bald, but smiling and, like a good theatre major, he held dozens of us captive with his story: the shock of finding out, his fear of dying, and his ultimate optimism. Jason called himself “lucky” to have Hodgkin’s disease because it was so treatable. His visit felt celebratory.

In January, he returned to school, taking classes and trying to live a normal life between chemotherapy treatments. A few weeks into the semester, I accompanied him to his chemo session to take pictures. I learned that the struggle was far from over. Jason was going to live, but the cancer would fight him every step of the way.

It began as a routine visit. I met Jason and a family friend named Susie at the medical center. His health was good, and his sense of humor intact. He kidded that only he could gain weight while battling cancer.

Jason and the nurse, a pretty Asian woman named Tess, narrated for our benefit as they prepared Jason’s arm for the array of chemicals. Tess slathered his arm in iodine and began a saline drip.

Then the tube in Jason’s arm started bubbling. It was a bad sign. They tried two more veins, but neither was useable. Months of powerful chemicals flowing through his veins had caused them to collapse. There would be no treatment today.

Jason was stunned. It was so difficult for him to gear himself up for these grueling treatments. Each one sapped him of energy for four days. The only relief was that with each completed treatment, he came a step closer to finishing. He knew he would not take that step today, and he began to cry. His dark brown eyes full of pain, he blocked his face with his hand as he sniffled. In a few minutes, he’d pulled himself back together, ready to struggle on.

Tess explained that he needed to go to a hospital in Chicago to get a catheter inserted into his arm, bypassing his fragile veins. Jason didn’t seem to care about the details — none of it mattered as along as he could get another session behind him immediately. As we left the medical center, Jason called his mother and relayed the news. He stayed calm, focusing on the procedure and tomorrow’s treatment.

Back in his dorm room, Jason’s fury burst out. He kicked the walls and complained to his roommate about “My fucking veins,” and how they were damaged like those of a heroin addict.

The anger revealed his feelings before he’d gathered his optimism. He couldn’t hide it now. Most dominant was the frustration: In his voice were hundreds of hours spent wondering why this had to happen to him.

The five-year survival rate for Hodgkin’s patients was 95 percent. At age 20, he’d had to contemplate being in that other 5 percent. What he had told us about luck was true, and he meant it. But he cannot have felt lucky back then, hearing about the cancer spreading through his lymphatic system and about the side effects of chemotherapy.

By winter, his eyebrows, mustache and goatee, like the hair on his head, had turned to wisps. As the treatments progressed, he felt worse. The recovery periods following the chemo got longer and longer. Weekends were a distant memory; it took nearly a week to fully bounce back from treatments, which left him seven days until the next treatment. The chemicals began to make him throw up one week, and that pattern would continue.

Jason’s buoyant nature made us overlook the difficulties he faced. He did not deceive us, but we saw mainly the optimism — not the arduous process by which he had reached it. We took it for granted.

The day after the failed chemotherapy attempt, Jason and Susan were late for his next treatment session. When he got there, he had a bandage on his left arm. A wire now ran from just above his elbow into his heart. The catheter extruding from his sore arm was a mix of clear tubing and blue and white plastic, a small monstrosity he would cover with a slice of a cotton sock. The cancer within his body now had an obvious external marker. He said he would have it removed the day after his last session, but it stayed in his arm for weeks after that.

Jason apologized again and again that the treatment was boring. Compared to the ordeal the previous day, this session was a gift. The doctor and nurses came back on schedule to make conversation and change the I.V. medication drips. Jason complained bitterly about Adriamycin, the powerful chemical that made him vomit the previous week.

Adriamycin was a radioactive, candy red color. It looked strange vanishing into the veins of a human being — it would have been more in place attached to a car in a body shop. Its taste permeated Jason’s mouth from when the second the drip started until it was unhooked. He screwed up his face and sipped on a soda to counteract it. The treatment passed comfortably.

We walked home, and he collapsed for the weekend.

Jason allowed me to tag along for his chemo session two weeks later. It, too, was uneventful, and he slept for its last hour. Two weeks later, parents, stepparents, and friends flew into town for his last treatment. His girlfriend decorated his doorway and hall with banners.

“Last treatment ever!”  

“NO more weeks!”  

There was even a cake that read “Fuck Cancer.”

The story isn’t over, but the news is all good. The radiation therapy, sunburns aside, did not cause Jason much trouble. In the spring, he continued taking classes and directed a production of Taming of the Shrew.

He will need regular checkups for the next few years, and though he cannot overlook it, the chances of his cancer recurring are very low.

He is 21 and healthy, and much the same person he was before, though having his life so far out of his hands has made him a little more patient with situations he can’t control.

Even if he doesn’t know it, through his illness he has found a real strength — the kind found by plumbing the depths of one’s own weakness — that will never leave him.

STORY INDEX

TOPICS > HODGKIN’S DISEASE

How Hodgkin’s disease is diagnosed
URL: http://www.cancer.org/docroot/cri/content/cri_2_2_3x_how_is_hodgkins_disease_found_20.asp

Information on Hodgkin’s disease
URL: http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/wyntk/hodgkins

Treatment of Hodgkin’s disease in adults
URL: http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/pdq/treatment/adulthodgkins/patient/

 

Destroyer of myths

Diagnosed with leprosy, a young woman fights back in The Pearl Diver, a debut novel which plumbs the depths of the human spirit.

(Courtesy of Random House)

Unless I illuminate myself
Like a deep sea fish
Nowhere would I find even a glimmer of light.

  —  Akashi Kaijin, from the tanka collection Haku Byo, 1939

In Jeff Talarigo’s affecting debut novel, The Pearl Diver, a 19-year-old pearl diver faces a diagnosis of leprosy that threatens to obliterate her life. When the authorities learn of her diagnosis, the pearl diver is promptly arrested, then forced into exile and intimate contemplation of the devastation her body must soon endure. Shipped off to the island leprosarium of Nagashima, the pearl diver loses everything  —  home, family, career  —  even her name. The name she chooses, Miss Fuji, evokes a treasured memory of climbing the mountain with her beloved uncle, the one relative who stands by her and will ultimately give her one of the greatest gifts of her life.

As a writer, Talarigo is above all a destroyer of myths. Glamorous images summoned up by the mention of pearl diving  —  slim, beautiful young women silently plunging into the deep sea  —  quickly dissolve. The work, as Talarigo describes it, makes “scarred, thick-bodied women.”

No amount of fresh water can wash the smell of the sea from the divers’ skins and even hot summer days will find their limbs half-frozen for hours. A descent of 60 feet under water contrasts strikingly with its corresponding ascent:  “Going down is like autumn into winter. Winter into autumn back up, but the thaw is very slow.”

Yet, the protagonist of the The Pearl Diver finds a deep satisfaction in her work that Talarigo captures in an early description of the act of diving:

“Her arms tight against her sides, her feet swept in slow, steady strokes; waves tossed and jolted her body, the water dimmer, duller, murkier with each foot she went. Sixty feet down, the light was that of an autumn’s half-moon. And down there, for the first time, she moved her arms from her side, doing handstands under water, feeling for the familiar.”

The shape of Talarigo’s story follows that of the dive itself. Miss Fuji’s new life will take her deep into darkness and find her fumbling blindly for strength, hope, and wisdom. She is on the verge of drowning before, at the last possible moment, she sweeps up into the light.

In Miss Fuji, Talarigo has created a character readers will be drawn to as moths to the flame. Never more than an ordinary Japanese woman, Miss Fuji’s fortitude and spirit enable her to endure almost unimaginable suffering and loneliness. She is luckier than many of her fellow lepers, for a new drug halts the disease’s progress through her limbs. But her luck will isolate her. Young and relatively vital, she spends her days caring for those whose bodies the disease has already ravaged. She has become both “parent and newborn,” “patient and staff.” A dual identity quickly begins to seem like no identity at all. She cannot fully share in the ordinary lives around her. The fisherman who first rows Miss Fuji to the leprosarium throws away the rice balls she gave him while she looks on. She is also alienated from the older lepers, who depend on her capable patience. And the sea, the love of her past life and a constant presence in her new life, at first seems lost to her.

From the other patients  —  Mr. Shikagawa, a tanka poet; Miss Minn, a storyteller; Mr. Yamai, the leader of a reading group; and others  —  Miss Fuji learns how to endure, but the relationships are always more complicated than that of mere teacher and student. This novel is no Karate Kid. Its pearls cannot be summed up with anything as simple as: “Wash on. Wash off.”

Relying upon only small words and simple gestures, Talarigo manages to suggest for each of his characters a rich inner life and a sense of life in its fullness. These are people who have lived, loved and suffered but continue to hope and desire.  

Talarigo doesn’t have quite the same success with the leprosarium staff, but nor does he seek it. They are faceless monsters stricken with leprosy of the soul. Their unyielding dominance will brook no resistance and their cruelty betrays no ambivalence. Simple scenes convey the consequences of association with leprosy to far greater effect — a mother, terrified to lose her children, tears them away from the sea shore where they have been doing little more than waving to the pearl diver; a noodle shop goes out of business merely because customers will not frequent a space that has been contaminated by a leper’s visit.

The stigma of leprosy is so great that even as the medical community’s knowledge becomes more sophisticated and new drugs are developed, the Japanese practice of isolation and sterilization (though doctors had known since the early 20th century that leprosy was not an inherited disease) continued and would not be formally discontinued until 1996. The stigma of the disease remains potent in present-day Japan.

Talarigo has chosen to structure the story around a collection of artifacts — money, a rusty farm sickle, maps, a tube of burn cream — each of which evokes specific episodes in Miss Fuji’s life, themselves evoking the stages of the leper’s life in 20th century Japan. Only at the end of the novel does the rationale behind the structure become clear, as the tale’s fictional narrator (and in this instance, archivist) reveals herself. The choice of structure enables the author to insert into the text general information about lepers, leprosy, and evolving treatment policies that place the lives of Miss Fuji and her fellows in historical and ethical context. However, frequent breaks in the text interrupt the narrative flow and create distance between the reader and the protagonist. The lives of the lepers take on a sense of inevitability and futility that somewhat muffles the story’s emotional immediacy, if not resonance. The story of the characters’ lives never erases, even for a moment, the fact of their imminent deaths.

Still, Talarigo’s prodigious accomplishment may be subversion of the convention of the sufferer’s tale, successfully uniting the truths of life and literature in a way that is not often possible. Talarigo does not reduce suffering to a mere external obstacle to be pushed aside or stepped over; it is, in life, the stake that directs the vine’s growth for better or worse. Miss Fuji’s suffering is part of her and it irrevocably transforms her.

Miss Fuji does find a life beyond suffering, but she can never fully overcome the effect of that suffering. The human spirit is no sword forged of adamantine steel, invulnerable to the elements, but a blade of grass, an autumn leaf or a cherry blossom, all easily crushed. Miss Fuji’s poignant victory at the end of the novel is very much her own, though she will never fully recover from the battle.

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The Pearl Diver

Excerpt from the book

Interview with the author and brief excerpt read by the author

 

ITF goes to the Republican National Convention: Day 4

This week InTheFray Visual Consultant Dustin Ross is at the Republic National Convention in New York. Check out the RNC hoopla — through his camera lens!

Here are some photos from Thursday night:

Texas delegates show their support for President Bush

RNC fashion trends

First Lady Laura Bush waves to the crowd

Deep thoughts by President Bush

Let the flag-waving begin

One delegate shows her spirit …

While a New Yorker shows hers just outside the RNC

Secret service agents haul off a protester

 

ITF goes just beyond the doors of the Republican National Convention

InTheFray’s Visual Consultant Dustin Ross hit the streets of New York this past Sunday to get a glimpse of the protesters:

Left/right love?

Billionaires for Bush

The word on the street …

The call to return unemployment to its rightful owner

Elephants? What elephants?

A sea of protesters marches through Manhattan

A few Madison Square Garden employees show their true colors in a sea of Republican fervor

Just outside of Madison Square Garden, one poster sums up protesters’ feelings well

Armed and dangerous?

X marks the spot

The truth about Bush

Who said protesting was unpatriotic?

Whose America?

Protesting the protesters

 

Quote of note

Real men marry women.

—The fortune inside a fortune cookie handed out at the Republican National Convention by the Family Research Council

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ITF goes to the Republican National Convention: Day 3

This week InTheFray Visual Consultant Dustin Ross is at the Republic National Convention in New York. Check out the RNC hoopla — through his camera lens!

Here are some photos from Wednesday night:

Protesters get a little risque…

A sea of RNC delegates

President Bush and Laura smile for the camera

Texas delegates call for four more years of Bush

Lynne Cheney introduces her husband, Vice President Dick Cheney

Vice President Cheney addresses delegates and reminds them that John Kerry has a history of ‘changing his mind.’

These delegates come ready to party

Hardly a world apart?

 

ITF goes to the Republican National Convention: Day 2

This week InTheFray Visual Consultant Dustin Ross is at the Republic National Convention in New York. Check out the RNC hoopla — through his camera lens!

Here are some photos from Tuesday night:

A protester outside the RNC sets the record straight on the Iraq war

Police haul away a protester

Democracy at work?

No protests here: A Bush-backer shows her support for President Bush

Former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani and Vice President Dick Cheney share a laugh

No Johns allowed at this convention…

Arnold Schwarzenegger gets into the GOP spirit

A family affair: Two generations of Bushes show their support for the President

President Bush checks in from the campaign trail

First Lady Laura Bush addresses delegates

A young woman shows her support for Bush — and reveals his support for millions of others like her

 

ITF goes to the Republican National Convention: Day 1

This week InTheFray Visual Consultant Dustin Ross is at the Republic National Convention in New York. Check out the RNC hoopla — through his camera lens!

Here are some photos from Monday night:

The GOP mascot

A delegate sings the National Anthem

Jenna and Barbara Bush show their true colors

Vice President Dick Cheney and Lynne Cheney wave to the crowd

Cheney claps

A highly-decorated veteran shows his support for U.S. troops

Former President George Bush and First Lady Barbara Bush show their support as well

Actress Angie Harmon and her husband, NFL player Jason Sehorn

Senator John McCain calls for four more years of a Bush administration

9/11 widows recall the losses of their loved ones

Former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani voices his support for the Bush administration’s war on terrorism

 

Quote of note

“Teachers and friends have been understanding about my decision to wear the veil for the past seven years, and I hope they will continue to be sympathetic … Maybe we will be able to compromise eventually on the acceptability of a small bonnet or a bandana, instead. If not, I risk missing the final and most important year of my education.”

Sania, a 17-year-old student in Strasbourg, worries that the French ban on conspicuous religious attire in public schools — which includes Muslim headscarves, Jewish yarmulkes, and large Christian crosses — will effectively curtail her education. Two French journalists, Christian Chesnot from Radio France International and Georges Malbruno from Le Figaro, are being held hostage in Iraq by a group demanding that the French ban on religious attire be rescinded. French government spokesman Jean-Francois Cope tersely and firmly told Canal Plus television station: “The law will be applied.”

Mimi Hanaoka

 

Propaganda wars

“The blood of our husbands and the body parts of our children are our sacrificial offering.”

Eager to capitalize on an expanding Internet audience, Al-Khansa, a new jihadist online magazine directed exclusively at women, incites women to participate in jihad. The BBC cautiously notes that “most of the articles are written as if by women, although it is not clear if they actually were.”

In recent months, governments and political organizations have joined the increasingly desperate scramble to gain a loyal Internet audience; in order to compete with and provide a counterpoint to Hezbollah’s satellite television channel, al-Manar, and the highly popular Qatar-based Al-Jazeera satellite TV station, America now airs the Arabic language Al-Hurra — which means “the free one,” — television network along with Radio Sawa. With Al-Khansa now joining the cacophony of voices, the propaganda wars are steadily escalating.  
  

Mimi Hanaoka

  

personal stories. global issues.